tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8317734110584772362024-02-06T22:14:11.659-08:00Chuck Wagon History and Cookingcowboysandchuckwagoncookinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10874118941778139191noreply@blogger.comBlogger7125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-831773411058477236.post-60246052382869124502018-09-09T14:29:00.001-07:002019-04-23T10:12:43.305-07:00<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-weight: 700;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Revolutionary War 1776 </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The <b>American Revolutionary War</b> (1775–1783), also known as the <b>American War of Independence</b>, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its American colonies. Patriot protests against <b>taxation without representation</b> followed the Stamp Act which escalated into boycotts. In 1773, heated emotions of the colonist increased which culminated with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The British made numerous attempts to <b>disarm</b> the Massachusetts militia in Concord which led to open combat on April 19, 1775. As the Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, the new Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale dwindling. Although, with victories at Trenton and Princeton help restored the American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">Perhaps two of the most important lessons in this revolution are (Representation of taxation) as this also started the American Civil War between Southern States and Northern States nearly 100 years later. People should run the Government and the government should be fair to the people. Second, is to try and disarm the people. The 2nd amendment of the Constitution reads; " </span><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." This is often argued between pro and anti gun feelings. However, it means that people have the right to own and bear arms. A well regulated Militia can be easily consider the State National Guard, but the words strongly indicate that people have the right to own guns. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">In the failed attempts to disarm Massachusetts, a nation was able to grow and gain </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">independence</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif;">. One may state, alright, we now have a great nation with a strong military. We no longer need to be armed. True and not true. Yes the United States has grown to be able to take care of her people, nevertheless, like many great nations, history has over and over seen uprising within governments that infringe on the people unjustly. During the </span><span style="color: #222222;">Revolutionary</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"> War, these weapons were mere single shot musket rifles and pistol. Today, modern weapons are numerous ranging from 5.56 M2, M4 carbines, AK47, etc. Once more, further </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif;">argument</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif;"> as to what is dictated by the meaning of arms. The answer during the </span>revolutionary<span style="font-family: "roboto" , "arial" , sans-serif;"> war was the same firearms that the military carried. Surely, our forefathers did not see the great advancements that would come in the future, but the meaning implied then should remain as today. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">However,<span style="font-family: "courier new" , "courier" , monospace;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;">"<b>Life, Liberty and the</b> </span><b style="color: #222222;">pursuit of Happiness</b><span style="color: #222222;">" is a well-known phrase in the United States Declaration of Independence. The phrase gives three examples of the "unalienable rights" which the Declaration says have been given to all human beings by their creator, and which governments are created to protect. This is highly important to understand. This means, that while the 2nd amendment gives me the right to bear arms, it does not give me the right to interfere with your right to pursuit happiness. Gun owners need to be responsible and people need to live comfortably never fearing some gun toting radical may come about blazing the will ends one life, their liberty or pursuit of happiness. Perhaps education is the answer and the lack of it the problem in a modern society. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span></span></span><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="color: black; text-align: -webkit-center;">The main weapons of the American Revolution were the muzzleloading flintlock musket, its attached bayonet, and the cannon. Secondary weapons were the pistol, swords and other cutting weapons. By far, the most common weapon was the smoothbore flintlock musket, of a large caliber, .62 to .75 inch bore, or equal from a 16 to 11 gauge shotgun.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2018/09/flintlocks-and-muskets.html" target="_blank">Flintlocks and Muskets</a></span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b><b><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=831773411058477236#editor/target=post;postID=127488147588077218;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;">Ch</span></span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif;">arleville muskets 1717 French </span></a></span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>"<a href="https://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2018/08/brown-bess-flintlock-musket-1722.html" target="_blank">Brown Bess</a>"</b><b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> 1722 Bristish</span></b></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><br /></b><b><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;">Pennsylvania - Kentucky Rifle </span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="background-color: #fff2cc;">A review of the weapons of the Revolutionary War.</b></span></span><br />
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cowboysandchuckwagoncookinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10874118941778139191noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-831773411058477236.post-84888147246836150082018-09-09T13:59:00.004-07:002018-09-14T12:29:15.269-07:00Kentucky Rifle<div class="regular_paragraph">
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The great Kentucky flintlock-hunting rifle was more accurate than any known previous firearm and soon became famous. The history of Tennessee, Kentucky, and certainly the history of the United States, are each very much connected with the history of the Kentucky Long Rifle. This rifle is also known as the Pennsylvania, Kentucky, the hog rifle, or the long rifle. It was designed to be light, slender and graceful, and was the first truly American firearm. Created in the 1730s in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, by skillful immigrant craftsmen from Germany and Switzerland, the Kentucky rifle was the supreme implement created as a state of the art, ultimately for over a century, until the coming of the "cap and ball" percussion rifle in 1840.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The guns of the first American colonists were not rifles at all.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8AtC3XVrjfL3EYvayrMWCQqH9FRLqyATzgSIkSYwB4TRFXQfFwKBR6aOBraZV4xxDrB4mTQqYQMsGyWSBH2_fdPX4uuTQXIOA9R61_iLLdhxZ49lXF4GL4_mqtYvIsxNfT2d-jjP_arg/s1600/penn+rifle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="631" data-original-width="978" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8AtC3XVrjfL3EYvayrMWCQqH9FRLqyATzgSIkSYwB4TRFXQfFwKBR6aOBraZV4xxDrB4mTQqYQMsGyWSBH2_fdPX4uuTQXIOA9R61_iLLdhxZ49lXF4GL4_mqtYvIsxNfT2d-jjP_arg/s320/penn+rifle.jpg" width="320" /></span></span></a></div>
<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">imported from Europe. For a number of reasons, these old muskets were not suitable for the American frontier. First of all, they were so heavy that to go hunting with one became a significant chore.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Brown Bessies, as they were called, fired spherical balls of lead and required large balls in order to get weight and striking force. Their diameter was gauged from 0.60 to 0.70 inches in caliber, with corresponding robust recoil when fired. They were therefore wasteful of powder and lead, both being in short supply on the American frontier.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The large balls of the Bessies created other problems. They had high air-resistance, which slowed them greatly, giving them shorter range. Since the balls had no spin to balance the turbulence caused by slight surface imperfections, they curved viciously in flight, much like a pitched spitball does in the game of baseball. This unpredictable motion rendered these muskets ineffective beyond a range of about 60 yards.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">These assorted imperfections were prevailed over by the Lancaster gunsmiths. First they reduced the bores of the Kentucky to 0.45 to 0.50 caliber, so that one pound of lead, poured into iron molds, would produce from 70 to 120 round balls to be used for bullets, therefore conserving valuable lead.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieaYdus1tp6uOnGHsqQufS694z4PFeRnlyR0MzUuG2wUHAXm3CK_UQpWCHwGOqEnAjDTBa1BVfCKNYasyJyS9oTdcx70AfZ6OTGr4f-m0IieOlai5AELWbwF2kl6-z0rmZTLxaj6AiErs/s1600/pennsylvania-flintlock-rifle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="background-color: #fce5cd; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="1200" height="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieaYdus1tp6uOnGHsqQufS694z4PFeRnlyR0MzUuG2wUHAXm3CK_UQpWCHwGOqEnAjDTBa1BVfCKNYasyJyS9oTdcx70AfZ6OTGr4f-m0IieOlai5AELWbwF2kl6-z0rmZTLxaj6AiErs/s400/pennsylvania-flintlock-rifle.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Next the barrel length was increased to 40 inches, in essence, so as to get extra thrust from the expanding gunpowder. The Kentucky Rifle had a greatly improved range compared to the Brown Bessie, which was fitted with a 30-inch barrel.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">In its finality, the Kentucky was "rifled," with helical grooving in the barrel. This conveys rotary motion to the fired bullet on an alignment that coincided with the line of its flight trajectory. This spin gives rifles greater range and accuracy, compared to smoothbores.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Kentucky Long Rifle was more accurate than any known previous firearm, and it soon became famous with a flight being deadly at over 200 yards, which was an astonishing range at that time. This rifle became the primary weapon of the frontiersmen, especially in the isolated and hazardous wilds of </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Tennessee and Kentucky. The extensive use in Kentucky led to the adoption of the name " Kentucky" for this rifle. Daniel Boone carried a Kentucky Rifle through Cumberland Gap.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">During the Revolutionary War the British soldiers trained for volley shooting, and were fitted wholly with Brown Bessies; surprisingly, the volume of the American Armed Forces also carried muskets. George Washington made a special effort to recruit frontiersmen who owned Kentucky Rifles.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Advantages of the Brown Bessie muskets over the Kentucky Rifles were that they could be loaded easily and more rapidly than rifles, and did not require custom-made bullets. They would fire anything dropped down the barrel of the gun and would even function as a shotgun. Moreover, some of Washington's raw recruits were not good enough shots to require the extra accuracy of the Kentucky Rifle.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">General Washington was able to assemble about 1,400 riflemen or backwoodsmen carrying Kentucky Rifles. In training camps their feats of marksmanship astonished onlookers, some of whom were British spies. Word of these buckskin-wearing riflemen quickly spread to the British Army. Washington soon </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">observed that the British gave his backwoodsmen wide latitude. As a hoax, he dressed up some of his musket-bearing soldiers in buckskins, knowing that the British assumed that anyone wearing frontier garb was carrying a Kentucky.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Riflemen, when available, were used by the American Army as pickets and snipers. These skilled soldiers operated from the flanks of the regular Army. At the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, riflemen were used to pick off British officers. This feat greatly contributed to the American victory there, which was a decisive battle of the war.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Battle of King's Mountain in 1780, another decisive victory, was won by rifle-toting backwoodsmen. These heroes were quickly gathered together from the neighboring southern Appalachians. At the close of the war, a British captain wrote in effect that the Americans had riflemen who could hit a man anywhere they liked at 200 paces. He suggested that at King's Mountain the mountain men whipped the British troops.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Another British officer remarked on General Andrew Jackson's great victory at New Orleans in 1815, a battle largely fought by Tennesseans and Kentuckians. He described how a lone Kentucky sharpshooter dressed in buckskins and firing a Kentucky Rifle picked off British soldiers buried in the mud flats, creating total confusion in the British ranks.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">The Kentucky Rifle was considered to be a necessity by frontiersmen, and practically every frontier family owned one. Rifle shooting was a way of life on the great American frontier, and nearly every settlement had a shooting match on weekends and holidays. The rifle was thus used for recreation, as well as for protection and hunting.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfVEiaCGccw" style="background-color: #fce5cd;" target="_blank">LOADING and FIRING a FLINTLOCK</a></b></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2018/09/flintlocks-and-muskets.html" target="_blank">Flintlocks and Muskets</a></span></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="font-family: sans-serif;">"<a href="https://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2018/08/brown-bess-flintlock-musket-1722.html" target="_blank">Brown Bess</a>"</b><b style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> 1722 Bristish</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Pennsylvania - Kentucky Rifle</span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></b></span></div>
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cowboysandchuckwagoncookinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10874118941778139191noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-831773411058477236.post-54259823338131217162018-09-09T13:41:00.002-07:002018-12-15T09:24:04.028-08:00Flintlocks and Muskets<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtxmFW6zeyW4NX3k_3sj3eEJbu1TerqFBxAewyrKlbwMXTjPYIIJJhzEqTwPB4b_-FLny6_5QApZjxG0DH1-WTiDWQLcvif_Fc56nCWQEq5qfXI0eMZ2dkZZmH8Nf7mUm0yFVSczJV8cc/s1600/Char+Musket.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="133" data-original-width="900" height="92" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtxmFW6zeyW4NX3k_3sj3eEJbu1TerqFBxAewyrKlbwMXTjPYIIJJhzEqTwPB4b_-FLny6_5QApZjxG0DH1-WTiDWQLcvif_Fc56nCWQEq5qfXI0eMZ2dkZZmH8Nf7mUm0yFVSczJV8cc/s640/Char+Musket.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd; color: #221e15; font-family: "lato" , sans-serif; font-size: 18px;">The original American small arm was the muzzleloading long rifle, also known as the Pennsylvania Rifle or the Kentucky Rifle, which helped the fledgling nation win its independence from Britain. The English musket known as the Brown Bess was also quite common in the colonies at the time, which was the standard British long gun from 1722 until 1838—but unlike the American long guns, the Brown Bess was a smoothbore flintlock with no rifling.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH7zMxWMMruPWmYdkqJiNIIrZoTvdzvFxVzlcAVpRA8GUJLcvU6KvqPrdra3xM9CbMlBc_Ow-sYnaSJpFP1G1zvYe3ECpcqIGaRATDjB_vJN5h48Hc4We-RL4_Z0xUgLVqUHLN99JLJP0/s1600/diagram+musket.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="325" data-original-width="400" height="325" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH7zMxWMMruPWmYdkqJiNIIrZoTvdzvFxVzlcAVpRA8GUJLcvU6KvqPrdra3xM9CbMlBc_Ow-sYnaSJpFP1G1zvYe3ECpcqIGaRATDjB_vJN5h48Hc4We-RL4_Z0xUgLVqUHLN99JLJP0/s400/diagram+musket.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">The long guns were mostly modified small frame rifles that were originally designed in Europe and accurate out to about 250 yards, but fired a relatively small caliber projectile, usually somewhere between .32 and .45 caliber, from very long barrels.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">A piece of flint was grasped in the vice-like jaws held in place by a screw wrapped in a felt pad to keep it from cracking. When the trigger is pulled, the flint strikes the frizzen which generates a spark that ignites powder in the flash pan, which in turn ignites the main charge in the barrel and fires the weapon.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;">Each time the weapon was loaded, powder had to be poured into the flash pan as well as the barrel before the rifle could be cocked and fired—not exactly easy to do under battle stress and/or in wet conditions. Even so, these weapons dominated the battlefield for about 100 years.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2018/09/flintlocks-and-muskets.html" target="_blank">Flintlocks and Muskets</a></span></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2018/08/charleville-musket-1717.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;">Ch</span></span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif;">arleville muskets 1717 French </span></a></span></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="font-family: sans-serif;">"<a href="https://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2018/08/brown-bess-flintlock-musket-1722.html" target="_blank">Brown Bess</a>"</b><b style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> 1722 Bristish</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Pennsylvania - Kentucky Rifle</span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></b></span></div>
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cowboysandchuckwagoncookinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10874118941778139191noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-831773411058477236.post-1274881475880772182018-08-28T16:24:00.001-07:002018-12-15T09:22:43.861-08:00Charleville Musket 1717 <div style="line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Marin le Bourgeoys created the first true flintlock weapons for <b>King Louis XIII</b> shortly after his accession to the throne in 1610.Throughout the 17th century, flintlock muskets were produced in a wide variety of models.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">In 1717, a flintlock musket for the French infantry was standardized. This became the first standard flintlock musket to be issued to all troops. While it is more correctly called a <b>French infantry musket</b> or a <b>French pattern musket</b>, these muskets later became known as "Charleville muskets", after the armory in Charleville-Mézières, Ardennes, France. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The standard French infantry musket was also produced at Tulle, St. Etienne, Maubeuge Arsenal, and other sites. While technically not the correct name for these muskets, the use of the name Charleville dates back to the U.S. Revolutionary War, when Americans tended to refer to all of the musket models as Charlevilles. The naming of these muskets is not consistent. Some references only refer to Model 1763 and later versions as Charleville flint lock muskets, while other references refer to all models as the Charleville. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">The 1763 model French Infantry Musket underwent a number of changes 3 years later in 1766 including lightening the musket, reducing the size of the lock, and utilizing the button-head ramrod design . The French main arsenal producing the 1766 model was the one at Charleville in North Eastern France in the Champagne-Ardenne region. Tens of thousands of this musket were made for the royal army of France, however this was not its claim to fame.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7AvyDYAONUlBs4zf1BfM-iJ-FOxB-pkmPByEiksot0Y0Ju19AOvk2oqYyPOckN_cDEIwI_bSLSX_ap-Ww5zkzDv_mB2xmz77jhNUau3XYz5PgS5k2iQuUmbWIVjGychmqn-XknEXbOxE/s1600/Battle_of_Guiliford_Courthouse_15_March_1781.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1148" data-original-width="1600" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7AvyDYAONUlBs4zf1BfM-iJ-FOxB-pkmPByEiksot0Y0Ju19AOvk2oqYyPOckN_cDEIwI_bSLSX_ap-Ww5zkzDv_mB2xmz77jhNUau3XYz5PgS5k2iQuUmbWIVjGychmqn-XknEXbOxE/s320/Battle_of_Guiliford_Courthouse_15_March_1781.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">In 1776, with the revolution against British under way, the United States were desperate for muskets. That spring Congress sent Silas Deane to France to plead for assistance in the form of arms, equipment, and financing. Looking to even the score against Britain, France came to the Americans side with shiploads of muskets. Because were not officially at war with Britain until 1778, a fake corporation had to be set up to mask the French government's direct involvement. In addition, ship log destinations were falsified to hid the fact the muskets were being shipped to American ports. Because of the British presence on the high seas, some French ships had to sail to the West Indies, drop off their cargo, and American vessels then picked the muskets up.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">In studying the numerous surviving muskets of French manufacture but with U.S. surcharge markings, the vast majority are the 1766 Model with the button style ramrod. Contrary to popular belief, the flared trumpet style ramrod was not used with the 1766 model. So dominant was the presence of the 1766 model in the American forces, that when U.S. began to mass manufacture its own army muskets, the first model off the arsenal at Springfield in 1795 was an exact copy of the 1766 Charleville.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">While the 1777 model began to be issued to French Regiments almost immediately, the 1766 model continued to be carried by some French soldiers all the way up into the time of Napoleon. The Charleville musket's design was refined several times during its service life. Later models of Charleville muskets remained in service until 1840, when percussion lock systems made the flintlock mechanism obsolete</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjesCCN0Io5dugSUFff3NxhM50VlEsy9wTExhPDVDkC87S-rkj2WgAeepTLBendEvGFZWqg23A4gBd9wBz-IGndbkhnrpJkjNtorzIf407KJQt9ktOidi7SzQAt5VvVQjFEUl-Y1drI7hY/s1600/USMC_1778.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="475" data-original-width="720" height="422" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjesCCN0Io5dugSUFff3NxhM50VlEsy9wTExhPDVDkC87S-rkj2WgAeepTLBendEvGFZWqg23A4gBd9wBz-IGndbkhnrpJkjNtorzIf407KJQt9ktOidi7SzQAt5VvVQjFEUl-Y1drI7hY/s640/USMC_1778.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>U.S. Continental Marines illustated here armed with this musket during<br />John Paul Jones' daring raid on Whitehaven, England in 1778 (by Col Charles Waterhouse - USMC)</b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2018/09/flintlocks-and-muskets.html" target="_blank">Flintlocks and Muskets</a></span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=831773411058477236#editor/target=post;postID=127488147588077218;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;">Ch</span></span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif;">arleville muskets 1717 French </span></a></span></span></span></b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="font-family: sans-serif;">"<a href="https://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2018/08/brown-bess-flintlock-musket-1722.html" target="_blank">Brown Bess</a>"</b><b style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> 1722 Bristish</span></b></span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Pennsylvania - Kentucky Rifle</span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></b></span><br />
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cowboysandchuckwagoncookinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10874118941778139191noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-831773411058477236.post-16703324900660094302018-08-28T16:02:00.002-07:002018-09-14T12:30:49.869-07:00Brown Bess Flintlock Musket 1722<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.5em;">
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Nickname of uncertain origin for the British Army's muzzle-loading smoothbore <b>Land Pattern Musket</b> and its derivatives. This musket was used in the era of the expansion of the British Empire and acquired symbolic importance at least as significant as its physical importance. It was in use for over a hundred years with many incremental changes in its design. These versions include the Long Land Pattern, the Short Land Pattern, the India Pattern, the New Land Pattern Musket and the Sea Service Musket.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Long Land Pattern musket and its derivatives, all .75 caliber flintlock muskets, were the standard long guns of the British Empire's land forces from 1722 until 1838, when they were superseded by a percussion cap smooth bore musket. The British Ordnance System converted many flintlocks into the new percussion system known as the Pattern 1839 Musket. A fire in 1841 at the Tower of London destroyed many muskets before they could be converted. Still, the Brown Bess saw service until the middle of the nineteenth century.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Most male citizens of the American Colonies were required by law to own arms and ammunition for militia duty. The Long Land Pattern was a common firearm in use by both sides in the American War of Independence.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1808 during the age of Napoleon, the United Kingdom subsidized Sweden in various ways as the British anxiously wanted to keep an ally in the Baltic Sea area, this included, among other things, deliveries of war material including significant numbers of Brown Bess muskets for use in the Finnish War.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fce5cd;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">During the Musket Wars (1820s–30s), Māori warriors used Brown Besses, having purchased them from European traders at the time. Some muskets were sold to the Mexican Army, which used them during the Texas Revolution of 1836 and the Mexican–American War of 1846 to 1848. Brown Besses saw service in the First Opium War and during the Indian rebellion of 1857. Zulu warriors, who had also purchased them from European traders, used them during the Anglo-Zulu War in 1879. One was even used in the Battle of Shiloh in 1862.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2018/09/flintlocks-and-muskets.html" target="_blank">Flintlocks and Muskets</a></span></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=831773411058477236#editor/target=post;postID=127488147588077218;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=postname" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #222222;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;">Ch</span></span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif;">arleville muskets 1717 French </span></a></span></span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></span><span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="font-family: sans-serif;">"<a href="https://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2018/08/brown-bess-flintlock-musket-1722.html" target="_blank">Brown Bess</a>"</b><b style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> 1722 Bristish</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">Pennsylvania - Kentucky Rifle</span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"> </span></span></b></span></div>
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cowboysandchuckwagoncookinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10874118941778139191noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-831773411058477236.post-86459605349036919942010-05-04T09:57:00.000-07:002011-03-15T18:14:46.649-07:00chuckwagons<img border="0" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/_ISlOZ3_XcRE/S-BPN4MNzdE/AAAAAAAAAMQ/BHQAvYEO0Pc/s160-c/Chuckwagons.jpg" /><span style="font-size: small;"> You can send us your photo's of Chuck Wagons in use at any Competition. We will be happy to post your recipes, pictures and story. Our sight is for the educational purpose of American History as Cowboys worked the trail drives. Where Chuck wagons were the mobile kitchen and supply wagon which enabled caring for the crews which moved the herds to market. We would like to express our appreciation to the Troy, Texas chamber of commerce for their assistance along with the King Ranch keeping the history of Texas and this great nation alive. You can reach us at rogeredison@yahoo.com an again, thank you for those who have selected to post comments, following us and assisted in providing this information for you. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/p/chuckwagon-historythere-is-majestic.html">History of the Chuck Wagon</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://americanchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2010/04/early-cookware-that-tittilated-mans.html#more">Cookware: </a> </span><br />
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<b>Competition Chuck Wagon Cooking:</b><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://cowboyandchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2010/04/troy-texas-funfest-chuck-wagon-cook-off.html">Chuckwagon Competition: Troy, TEXAS</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://cowboyandchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2010/08/pikes-peak-or-bust.html">Pikes Peak or Bust Chuck Wagon Cook-Off Colorado Springs, Co</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://cowboyandchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2010/08/he-paid-your-fees-chuck-wagon-cook-off.html">"He Paid your Fees" Chuck Wagon Cook-Off Hartford, South Dakota</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://cowboyandchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2010/11/chandler-arizona-chuckwagon-cook-off.html">Chandler, Arizona Chuck Wagon Cook-Off</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://cowboyandchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2010/12/up-chisholm-trail.html">Georgetown, Texas "Up the Chisholm Trail" Chuck Wagon Cook-Off</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://cowboyandchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2010/10/culinary-master-challenges-chuck-wagon.html">Bobby Flay vs Kent Rollins in THROW-DOWN </a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://cowboyandchuckwagoncooking.blogspot.com/2011/03/spirit-of-west-ellensburg-washington.html">Spirit of the West, Ellensburg, Washington</a> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Booby Flay Throw-Down with Kent Rollins</b> </span></div>
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</div>cowboysandchuckwagoncookinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10874118941778139191noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-831773411058477236.post-39268499002212287182010-04-21T23:52:00.000-07:002010-10-31T14:00:56.451-07:00Early Cookware that Tittilated Mans AppetiteIf you never do much cooking, likely you never gave much thought to the cookware we use preparing meals. Modern technology has made most meals so easy to prep, cook and serve at the dinner table. It takes longer to shop for the groceries. Plus the fact of fast food chains, one rarely is without so many choices of what and where to eat be it breakfast, lunch or dinner.<br />
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<a name='more'></a>I’m also very fortunate being married to a woman who takes pride in the culinary art of gourmet cooking which spoils my palate. Plus the fact that my mother in law also lives with us who too takes pride in her cooking. Perhaps the only thing she cooked different than my personal expectation is Chili. I’m from Texas, she is from Indiana. True Chili does not have macaroni mixed in with it. Plus, I’m the cook when it comes to the out door grilling. Just as long as I keep my hands off the wife’s collection of Rachel Ray cookware, she’s happy. Therefore, I too never really gave much thought about cookware either. Not until one day speaking with an associate about Chuck wagon cooking and period correct cookware. He stated “Chuck wagons did not use enamelware coffee pots” as he continue to point out that they did not become available until the turn of the 20th century. I knew this to be incorrect but not being a subject matter expert on early cookware, I decided to research the development of enamelware and facts of early cookware. While I merely desired to know one general era of period cookware, I found myself intrigued on the over-all history as man’s movement from a primitive state to modern civilization and how to titillate his appetite that develop the tools we have come to use. Though the lack of archaeological evidence makes understanding tools used prior to pottery difficult, though it can some what be understood through the developmental study of civilized cultural.<span style="color: red;"></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=831773411058477236&postID=3926849900221228718" name="more"></a> <br />
Stone Age man learned the earliest methods for cooking meals. Perhaps starting with a stick and placing through meat holding above an open fire. In time he likely figured how to make a spit so he could do other things while his meal was cooking and free up sitting there holding the stick. Over time early man became more aware of cooking leading to the development of implements. These early methods were simplex as wrapping food in clay or leaves which held moisture in without burning food. This is still used today in modern cuisines. More complex methods were used as primitive man discovered the values of boiling water. Many different methods have been uncovered through anthropology as man researches the development of civilization. Early innovation indicate different cultures using regional items to store and boil water such as bamboo, turtle shell or the stomach linings of hunted animals. Some of these methods still used in more primitive regions or less inhabited environment. Nevertheless, as man became more aware of his appetite for food, so did his growth of ways to prepare and cook his food. <br />
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<b>Pottery:</b> Surely the oldest known cookware as pottery allowed for a variety of shapes and sizes. Pottery is a clay mud molded into a form that is then fired in a kiln. Coatings would enable the tool to used over fire and hold water. Early coatings were of plant gum and later using ceramic glazes, converted the porous clay containers into waterproof cookware that could be hung over fires or directly placed in a bed of low heat burning coals. Although, pottery including stoneware and glass conduct heat poorly and will crack if applied to high temperatures. Earthenware is often preferred as cookware among the less well-off because of its low cost affordability.<br />
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The development of bronze and iron metalwork skills allowed for the manufacturing of metal cookware. However, growth of metal cookware was slow due to the higher product cost, and low demand due to its affordability. After metal was recognized with great properties for cookware, most homes would merely continue to the standard of having a medieval kitchen utilizing a cast iron cauldron, some earth ware and a spit for roasting until the mid 17th century.<br />
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<b>Cast iron</b> is one of the oldest cookwares next to pottery and copper. It has excellent heat retention and diffusion properties. It is produced with a relatively low level of technology. Seasoning is used to protect bare cast iron from rust and to create a non-stick surface. Seasoning is the process to coat the cast iron in fats and carbons. Cast iron had been developed 513 BC in China used for weapons and figurines. Although, not until 1161 AD in Europe would cast iron be developed into cookware. Early cast iron was brittle requiring the casting to be thicker creating it to be extra heavy and much longer to heat. By 1400 AD, Cauldrons were developed which allowed for the making of great stews, soups or boiling. The Cauldrons often had a bail hanger to be hung inside a fireplace for cooking or from a tripod. Additionally, many had three legs on the pot to allow it to free stand using over an open fire or hot coals. The process of annealing metal allowed cast iron cookware to be made thinner to allow for faster heating. To prevent rust and the taste of iron from seeping into the food, cast iron cookware was later covered with a thin coating of tin metal, a process called tinning. Care of non enamel cast iron was highly important. Clean in mild warm water, dry completely. Place back into heat, cover with animal or vegetable oil, reheat and treat. This is called seasoning the cookware which prevented rusting plus made it easy for food to not stick to the pan when cooked. Seasoned correctly, it has excellent non – stick properties which works as well as T-fal or modern Teflon. If cast iron should become rusty or loose its seasoning, just clean off any rust and season again. Some chef’s insist to cleaning using salts and wipe with a dry towel. Storing cast iron, place a paper towel on the surface of the skillets or inside Dutch ovens to absorb moisture. Well seasoned cast iron will become glossy black over time.<br />
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While popular today, cast iron cookware has been used world wide for hundreds of years. China, India, Europe and North America have found it as an essential cookware. During the trail drives, the Chuck wagon carried several cast iron items, Dutch Ovens, frying pans (skillets) deep fryers, griddles and even waffle irons. Pottery was seldom used with chuck wagon crews due to its poor character for unbreakability. Although non cookware pottery such as crocks for storing sourdough starter or jugs that may contain alcohol often have been archived in photographs.<br />
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<b>Brass, Bronze and Copper</b>: Brass and Bronze are a form of copper with an added metal. Bronze once believed to be the product of the Greeks had deep roots with Egypt and China dating over 6000 years. Recent Archeologist discoveries indicate Ban Chiang, Thailand used bronze dating to 4500 BC. Tin bronze was not in western Asia before 3000 BC. Additionally, craftsmen during the 15th century, in Binen now known as Nigeria, Africa created highly prized castings desired by the ruling elite. Evidence shows Binen castings as early as the 13th century. Until Western colonizers centuries later entered Nigeria, the Bronze castings were unknown. The Bronze Age is regarded as the second part of a three-age system of prehistoric societies. Although while some cultures have superb written records during their bronze age, and most areas of the world the Bronze age followed the Neolithic age, some areas of sub-Sahara Africa, the Neolithic age was directly followed by the iron age and in some cases in the world, a copper age. This is only to provide an understanding of time periods and the cookware which may or may not have been used in any region of the world. However, by the 17th century, it was common for a Western kitchen to contain a number of skillets, baking pans, a kettle and several pots, including a variety of pot hooks and trivets of cast iron. Local blacksmith in the American Colonies commonly produced these items from iron while bronze or copper cookware became common in Europe and Asia. Future improvements in metallurgy during the 19th and 20th centuries allowed for pots and pans from metals such as steel, stainless steel and aluminum to be economically produced. Bronze had long been around before iron as is a product of mixing copper with tin and a tad bit of other metals. Lead was often used to make bronze.<br />
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<span style="color: red;"><b>NOTE</b></span>: Lead is an indestructible heavy metal that can accumulate and linger in the human body. Although the problem of lead exposure has been reduced in the United States, minorities and disadvantaged individuals remain chronically exposed. In developing countries, occupational and environmental exposures still exist and are a serious public health problem. Cookware, paint and other household items manufactured or imported into the Unites States can no longer contain lead since the early 1980’s.<br />
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As the use of Bronze during ancient civilization became ubiquitous, people began using bronze for cookware as pots and pans, jewelry, buttons’ for clothing, and further used as art sculptors as used in modern day. Copper continues to be hungered for as cookware. Because of its high heat conductive properties and ability to handle extreme heat makes it the best pan for Sautee use. Many collectors just love their look but professional chefs enjoy the modern Copper cookware blended with stainless metal. The first colonist brought these precious copper cookware items with them as they settled early America. Homemakers frequently cooked from the HEARTH before the development of stoves. However, copper was an import item brought to the new world on the most part and very expensive. It continues to be costly but when cared for will last a life time. Since copper is a soft metal, modern improvements using various alloys help maintain the beautiful gold luster and help harden the metal. Brass also is a product of copper smelted with zinc. While not as readily used in the United States, brass cookware is highly popular in Asia often used for utensils or as a <leo_highlight id="leoHighlights_Underline_0" leohighlights_keywords="coffee maker" leohighlights_url="http%3A//thebrowserhighlighter.com/leonardo/highlights/keywords?keywords%3Dcoffee%20maker" onclick="leoHighlightsHandleClick('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" onmouseout="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOut('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" onmouseover="leoHighlightsHandleMouseOver('leoHighlights_Underline_0')" style="-moz-background-clip: -moz-initial; -moz-background-inline-policy: -moz-initial; -moz-background-origin: -moz-initial; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-color: transparent; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 150); cursor: pointer; display: inline;">coffee maker</leo_highlight> in Turkey.<br />
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Copper kettles and boilers were used on cattle drives. However, copper being more expensive over tin or cast iron often made their purchase slim Pickens as a good trail boss ensured to make good of his budget and the cook made better use of the supplies. Cast iron was surely more practical as well various tin, wood or enamel cookware.<br />
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<span style="color: red;"><b>NOTE</b></span>: Brass, Copper and bronze reacts to highly acidic foods such as wine, tomatoes and other foods. Unlined copper, brass and bronze cookware should never be used to cook or store food and is potentially dangerous. Should any light green discoloration be seen inside the cookware may be developing verdigris, a highly poisonous substance. For this reason, any copper alloy should be coated with a tin lining or stainless steel. Never boil any copper item dry as this can damage the lining. If the lining becomes worn, discontinue using until the cookware has been relined. If you are serious about using copper, always buy a reputable and proven cookware brand.<br />
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<b>Gold and Silver</b>: Tableware was made of gold for the royal Mongol courts. Gold is an inert element that does not react with acid or alkali foods. The gold used was 24 carat, and not 10 or 14 carat. Gold has not been highly used as cookware due to cost, although in modern cooking, many items may have Gold plating to give an attractive appearance and elegance. Nevertheless, cost of any gold cookware could only be afforded by the very rich. Silver has also been used mostly as utensils, coffee and tea servers, and for food serving. Silverware was more common through the middle class and wealthy. Since Gold and Silver both are use for modern utensils, it should be noted that the fork is the youngest piece on the dinner table that originates in the orient. The knife, developed during the stone age has made some changes as today the blade is rounded and the handle longer allowing better hand control while cutting or spreading such as butter of their food. The first spoons were made from bone, shell, horn or wood. Knife and spoon was consider personal items and carried by individuals cased in a pouch attached to their belt. Until the Renaissance era, it was customary to eat with your hands. Finger licking good came long before the term used by the Colonials modern fast food of Kentucky Fried Chicken.<br />
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<b>Enamelware and Graniteware: </b>While enamelware production grew during the later 19th century, it is an old age process that is thousands of years old. It is not known exactly where or when the first enamelware products began but this process is much like the same in making glass, metal oxides or glazed pottery clay. The enamel mixture is of feldspar, borax and or quartz. These are heated at extreme temperatures until they liquefy, then coating over metal or clay for a finish product. This process was much like the making of Cloisonne. The earliest surviving cloisonne pieces are rings in graves from 12th century BC Cyprus. Both Ancient China and Egypt created fine jewelry items decorated with gems using this process. Nevertheless, Enamelware as we know today is the term used for items that have a porcelain enamel finish. Porcelain has been used to coat many household items such as sinks, tubs, appliances, as well cookware be it cast iron or tin. The second feature of enamelware was using a press cutting either sheet steel or tin items that would sometimes call for soldering other pieces on a product that would be used as a spout, handle, seemed sides or bottom. Rivets also were used to hold added pieces to various cookwares. Heating the enamel and the material in a furnace would allow the materials to bond together giving a glass like glaze over metal.<br />
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Generally, there are two types of Enamelware known as Agateware or Graniteware. Agateware is distinctive because of its particular design. It has multi-colored curves and bands circling the enamel. Unlike agateware, Granitewares main component is granite, which gives it a unique finish and color. Enamelware provides good strength and heat conductive abilities and can be subjected to very high temperatures without cracking or fracturing. The thin coating of enamel also gives it a greater degree of flexibility. This finished process made the press metal sheets tough and difficult to break while the glass like surface provided a non stick surface and resisted stains. It’s non-porous surface keeps the cookware nearly germ free. <br />
In the late 18th century, Germany was applying enamel glazes to iron at the same time Sweden was developing this process. The Riess family of Ybbsitz, Austria has been in business now over two hundred years manufacturing enamelware and kitchen products. The Riess business is on the original “Pan making Workshop” dating back to 1550 as Riess GmbH and Company that is now managed by the sixth generation of the Riess Family. As Germany perfected the enamelware cookware, France joined the production ranks, and, by 1803. Great Britain also joined the ranks of top enamelware manufacturers. Enamelware was not manufactured in the New World until around 1848 with the first United States patent. However, competition from Europe and affordability did not make enamelware an everyday house ware until the later 1870’s. However, many immigrants would have brought these cook wares to America along with the importing of the product. During the Civil War, it would be unlikely that either military would have purchased enamelware to use in the field because the readily available European import was considered fancy and colorful. Plus the higher cost over simple tin ware and cast iron. This is not to state that it would not have ever been used, such as gifted or looted, just not purchased. Although as the Civil War ended in 1865, the following year Charles Goodnight invented the chuck wagon for his trail drive from Texas to Colorado. As the trail drives grew over the next 12 years, enamelware was photographed in use and the coffee pot became the essential item for the chuck wagon’s of the late 1860’s. Enamelware was becoming popular among homesteaders, farmers and ranchers alike. This was influence by increase productions in the United States and Mexico making enamelware more affordable over Copper and cast Iron cookware products by late 1870’s.<br />
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Today, metals continued to be enameled much as my wife’s Rachael Ray cookware set. Prices vary as to good quality along with trademarks. Slowly cast iron from grandma’s collection finds its way to the flee market or sold in auction. Although, while I continue to use my vintage….Griswold and Wagner skillets and Dutch ovens, Riess Coffee pots because I particularly enjoy cooking upholding a vintage early American Cowboy tradition of smoke flavors, baked beans and fresh sourdough….modern items as Bakelite, plastic and microwave safe glass cooking ware is in the home but never as hearty as the true outdoor flavors of my period correct cookware. Sure it takes longer to prepare that meal, but the time is sure worth the wait when shared with friends and family as that appetite has been titillated.<br />
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Story by R. Edison<br />
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